Atopy

Atopy is an animal’s tendency to produce large amounts of antibodies against otherwise harmless substances (allergens) in the environment. The allergic reaction resulting from this atopy is called atopic dermatitis. Common allergens in this context include tree pollen, house dust mites (flakes), and dander. Allergens usually enter the body through inhalation, but allergens that cause atopic dermatitis can also be ingested through food.

Atopic dermatitis is primarily characterized by (often severe) itching. In dogs, itching is most commonly seen on the muzzle, paws, armpits, groin, and anal region. As a result of the often intense scratching, secondary bacterial infections (pyoderma) and/or fungal infections frequently develop.

The goal of treating atopic dermatitis is, on the one hand, to reduce hypersensitivity (desensitization) and, on the other hand, to relieve itching and treat any secondary infections.

In order to perform desensitization, it must first be determined what the animal is allergic to. This can be done through blood tests and intradermal tests (injections into the skin). Once it has been determined what the animal is allergic to, treatment can be administered through injections of a solution specially formulated for the animal, which contains the allergens to which the animal is hypersensitive. This immunotherapy is quite expensive and must be administered monthly for the rest of the animal’s life.

The itching caused by the allergic reaction can be effectively treated with Apoquel®.

Apoquel® is a relatively new medication for treating allergies. The active ingredient in this medication is oclacitinib. This substance alleviates the itching that is so characteristic of atopic dermatitis. Apoquel® is available in tablet form in three different strengths. In many cases, Apoquel® can mean the difference between a miserable life and a happy one!