Endoscopy

Endoscopy is an internal examination performed using a device called an endoscope, which allows a veterinarian to look inside the body through a flexible tube or a rigid tube. During an endoscopy, a small sample of tissue is often removed (biopsy). In some cases, treatment can also be performed during an endoscopy, such as the removal of an intestinal polyp.

An endoscopy can be performed through a natural orifice such as:

• the mouth and throat for examination of the larynx and vocal cords (laryngoscopy)
• the mouth, throat, and windpipe (trachea) for an examination of the airways (bronchoscopy)
• through the mouth to examine the esophagus (esophagoscopy) and/or the stomach, and possibly part of the small intestine (gastroscopy/gastroduodenoscopy).
• the anus for examination of the rectum and/or the large intestine (colonoscopy).
• the vagina to check for cervical discharge (vaginoscopy)

Surgical endoscopy techniques performed on animals include arthroscopy (minimally invasive surgery on a joint) and laparoscopy (minimally invasive surgery in the abdominal cavity).

Most endoscopic examinations require anesthesia. Only a vaginoscopy can be performed properly on an animal without anesthesia.